Treatment with BJ-1113 significantly suppressed the 5-HT-enhanced expressions of TPH1, MMP-9, and VEGF (Fig. 5f), and consequently, the secretions of VEGF and 5-HT (Table 1), suggesting that BJ-1113 suppresses cancer progression by inhibiting VEGF expression and the autocrine function of 5-HT. Here, MMP9 is linked to cancer.