VCAM1 and Alzheimer disease: Some genes found are: VCAM1 (CD106) in BM-MSCs; NCAM1 (CD56) and DNAM1 (CD226) in PL-MSCs; PPAPDC1A in AD-MSCs (i.e. phosphatidate phosphatase involved in fatty acid metabolism); TWIST1 and TWIST2 in FIB (known as mesodermal determinant factors that block bone specification fate) [13].