The present study is the first to evaluate the role of the molecular markers EGFR and Ki-67 as well as conventional clinicopathological factors as predictors not only of bladder tumor recurrence after RNU in patients with and without intravesical chemotherapy but also of patients who will benefit the most from prophylactic, postoperative intravesical instillation therapy. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is urinary bladder neoplasm.