CXCL12 and neoplasm: Mechanistically, it is demonstrated that the pro-tumor and pro-inflammatory effects of p53-inactivated CAFs is mediated through enhanced production of cytokines and chemokines, including C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12)/stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and interleukin (IL)-6, which markedly affect both immune cell composition and function in the TME [25,32,57,58,69,70,71].