TNF and cancer: Based on our evidence that EGCG, EGC, and ECG have cancer preventive activity, while (−)-epicatechin (EC) is usually inactive, but we found that the combination of EC and each of the cancer preventive catechins enhanced cancer preventive activities, such as induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of cell growth and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release from the cells [14,15].