BSG and Hepatic fibrosis: Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the regulation of CD147 expression, including the following mechanisms: the TGF-β1-CD147 signalling loop in the development of liver fibrosis; the regulatory loop involving miR-22, Sp1, and c-Myc modulating CD147 expression; and the induction of CD147 clustering by galectin-319, 20, 21.