An increasing number of studies supporting the pivotal role of Nrf2 in angiogenesis show that Nrf2 may promote vascular development via protection of retina from hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress17; these studies also indicate that Nrf2 blockade suppresses tumor cell angiogenesis and migration in vivo and in vitro18, 19, 20. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and neoplasm.