The concentrations of fasting serum insulin in the DIO4W and DIO8W groups were elevated in a time-dependent pattern as compared with the control group (P < 0.01), whereas lower fasting insulin levels were found in the T2DM group compared with that in the DIO8W group (P < 0.01) (Table 4; Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.