Comprehensive Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA; Supplementary Method) revealed that the cluster 1 genes were enriched in normal human prostate differentiated (AR+/PSA+) luminal cells, PSA+ PCa cells, primary adenocarcinomas, AD PCa cell lines and AD xenograft tumors, and, importantly, patient primary tumors before androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (Figure 5d, a-i). Here, KLK3 is linked to Alzheimer disease.