NANOG and posterior cortical atrophy: To address whether endogenous NANOG (note that throughout the text NANOG is frequently used to denote either NP8 or NANOG1) has a causative role in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), we first generated pairs of androgen-dependent (AD) and AI PCa xenografts, LAPC4 and LAPC9 [11, 13].