Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) ‘Upstream Regulator’ analysis of all DEGs in AD d5 cells also revealed NANOG-mediated AR inhibition manifested as downregulation of classic AR targets such as KLK3, NKX3.1 and IGF1 (Figure 5c; P=2.28e−4; Z-score=−2.9). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.