Mice vaccinated with rAdV5 expressing CSP from P. falciparum developed similar numbers of IFN-γ+ splenocytes compared with mice vaccinated with RTS,S, although the source of this cytokine was not determined.109 Similarly, antibody levels were equivalent between the two groups.109 Pre-existing immunity to AdV5 is common in malaria endemic regions, so alternate AdV vectors including AdV35 are also being trialled. The gene discussed is DNAJC5; the disease is malaria.