Next, STZ-induced diabetic rats were used to establish I/R injury models, and RES further ameliorated renal function and the ability of antioxidative stress, decreased TXNIP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and expression of cleaved caspase-1 protein, and impeded IL-1β maturation in I/R-induced AKI in diabetic models. Here, TXNIP is linked to acute kidney injury.