Accordingly, it was demonstrated that in particular A53T α-synuclein significantly reduced mitochondrial motility in cellular models for PD in which human A53T α-synuclein was expressed, i.e., in mouse hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (Xie and Chung 2012) or in mouse cortical neurons (Li et al. 2013). The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.