MS-275 (also known as entinostat) is a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor which targets HDAC1 and HDAC3, and it has been demonstrated to be reasonably safe and effective in the treatment of a wide range of cancers, including leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and breast cancer, both alone or in combination of other therapies [36–42]. The gene discussed is HDAC3; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.