Treatments with TGF-β inhibitors, such as soluble betaglycan or a pan-isoform neutralizing antibody, have been shown to have beneficial effects in animal models of PCa, including inhibition of the growth and angiogenesis of tumors formed by AR negative human PCa cells [17] or inhibition of regulatory T-cell production and tumor progression [18]. Here, TGFBR3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.