TGFB1 and posterior cortical atrophy: Thus, it is not surprising that carcinoma cells in general and PCa cells in particular are resistant to TGF-β-induced growth inhibition and that loss of or reduced expression of the signaling receptors, TβRI, TβRII, or the non-signaling TGF-β type III receptor, also known as betaglycan, is often observed during the progression of human PCa [7–10].