An example is the phase III IPASS trial that showed an overall benefit on progression‐free survival (PFS) of gefitinib as compared to carboplatin plus paclitaxel in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer patients (Mok et al., 2009), with a high benefit in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and a harm in patients without it. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and lung cancer.