CD8A and cancer: In general, metformin may exert its anticancer effect through the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis [25], suppressing cancer cell metabolism [26], activation of apoptosis and autophagy [27], inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) [28], immunomodulation by increasing the number of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes [29], and impairing one-carbon metabolism acting like an antifolate drug [30].