Measurement of KIM-1 is noninvasive, as KIM-1 is easily detectable in accessible body fluids (e.g., serum or urine), and highly sensitive and specific methods for detecting AKI rapidly and reliably may facilitate early detection of AKI and prediction of AKI severity and prognosis, unaffected by other biological variables.[30]. Here, HAVCR1 is linked to acute kidney injury.