TNF and congestive heart failure: In line with others, we showed increased cardiac sympathetic activity (i.e., decreased late H/M ratio and increased 123I-mIBG WO) in a stable CHF population.11,25,26 However, in contrast to previous studies with IDCM,27,28 our study did not show a significant correlation between the most important markers of inflammation (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and cardiac sympathetic activity.