Regulation of genes with FC > =(+/-)2.0 (q < 0.05) by diabetes, or treatment (P78 early (ET), and P78 late (LT)) (Table 3C) was subsequently cross-validated for trend in expression by RT-PCR and QRT-PCR (Fig. 5) with the exception of Mamdc4, whose expression level was below the detection threshold using these PCR conditions. Here, MAMDC4 is linked to diabetes mellitus.