CD4 and HIV-1 infection: Whether the creation of HIV-1 resistant CD4 T cells can generate stable and long lasting antiviral immune responses in infected patients remains to be determined; however, the feasibility of safely administering gene-modified peripheral T cells expanded ex vivo, has been well shown in patients with hematologic malignancies [82, 83] and in HIV-1 infection [21, 22, 84, 85].