The frequencies of type 2 diabetes and high levels of alcohol consumption were 1.6% and 16.6%, respectively, in both increased β-cell function and increased insulin sensitivity (G-I); 4.2% and 17.9%, respectively, in only decreased insulin sensitivity (G-II); 23.1% and 22.4%, respectively, in only decreased β-cell function (G-III); and 24.6% and 23.4%, respectively, in both decreased β-cell function and decreased insulin sensitivity (G-IV) (p < 0.05). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.