KSHV viral genome entry into the nucleus is a rapid process and viral genome enters within 15 min of infection of HMVEC-d and HFF cells [57], and viral gene expression starts between 15 and 30 min p.i. Studies with live and UV-inactivated KSHV suggests the cell surface receptor interaction initiates the induction of ERK1/2 and NF-κB during the early time of infection and KSHV viral gene expression is required for sustained induction [110,111]. The gene discussed is MAPK3; the disease is infection.