To determine whether Aβ associates with ROCK1 in the brains of patients with AD, co-localization studies were performed using specific antibodies in healthy aged controls (n = 5 aged 89 ± 4 years, Braak neuritic stages 0–2), preclinical AD (n = 4 aged 85 ± 3 years, Braak neuritic stages 3–4) and clinical end-stage AD (n = 8 aged 86 ± 4 years, Braak neuritic stages 5–6). Here, ROCK1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.