In summary, we show that in rats with HE due to PCS, peripheral inflammation leads to neuroinflammation, with increased nuclear NF-kB and expression of TNF-a ad IL-1b in hippocampus, which leads to altered neurotransmission by altering the membrane expression of AMPA and NMDA receptors, which impairs spatial learning and memory. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is hereditary elliptocytosis.