No significant differences were observed in lung homogenates of double IL-17RA-IL-22-deficient mice at one month (Fig. 7A), but two months post infection there was a trend toward reduced IL-1α, IL-1β and CXCL1 lung concentrations which reached statistical significance for IL-1α (Fig. 7B), while IL-23p19 seemed to increase. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL1 and infection.