Pulmonary levels of IFNγ, IL-1α, IL-1β and CXCL1/KC were highly increased in TNFα-deficient mice one month after infection, when severe pathology develops, with a reduction of IL-12/23p40 and p19 (Fig. 7A), in line with transcriptome data (Fig. 2F; Supplementary Fig. S4A). Here, TNF is linked to infection.