The association of low nuclear ADA3 levels with poor survival, while somewhat counterintuitive, is consistent with our previous analyses of this tissue cohort in which cytoplasmic localization of ADA3 was found to be a poor prognostic marker in non-ER+ breast cancers [17], It will therefore be of considerable interest to dissect the molecular pathways by which cytoplasmic ADA3 contributes to poor prognosis and poor survival. Here, ESR1 is linked to breast carcinoma.