TNF-α induction tended to be higher by the SLE exosomes than the HC exosomes (median (IQR), pg/mL: 26.83 (15.73–76.70) vs. 8.18 (6.53–17.09), respectively; p = 0.056), whereas IL-1β and IL-6 production did not differ between them (Additional file 2: Figure S1). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus.