As compared to the RA exosomes, the SLE exosomes induced PBMCs to produce significantly more IFN-α (median (IQR), pg/mL: 1.84 (0.00–6.07) vs. 22.39 (6.32–55.89), respectively; p = 0.013) and TNF-α (median (IQR), pg/mL: 276.2 (188.4–393.0) vs. 1096 (745.3–1396), respectively; p = 0.001). Here, TNF is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.