HMGB1 and diabetes mellitus: From the first study demonstrating higher level of HMGB-1 in the vitreous from patients with DR [57] to recent work in a DR rat model suggesting that HMGB-1 expression in diabetic retina was significantly higher than in the control [62], the evidence points strongly to the role of HMGB-1 in different pathological processes of DR (Table 3).