Moreover, our data show that AF significantly reduced the expression of total EGFR and caused phosphorylation of many nodes of EGFR/MAPK signaling pathway, including EGFR, P38MAPK, JNK, ERK, c-Jun, MAPKAPK2, and HSP27 (Figs 3 and 4). Here, MAPK8 is linked to atrial fibrillation.