First, young children can be identified in the pre-symptomatic stage of T1D as mIAA are often the first iAb to develop and mIAA levels correlate with time to disease onset.[24–27] Second, there is an eligibility requirement to be mIAA positive to enroll in current and upcoming oral insulin prevention trials (NCT00419562, NCT02580877). Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.