PTEN and skin neoplasm: A major challenge in developing effective anti-melanoma therapy has been to identify approaches that target multiple melanoma subtypes irrespective of the status of powerful oncogenic drivers, such as mutant BRAF, mutant NRAS, or loss of PTEN. Melanomas tend to be inherently resistant to conventional therapies, resulting in a high incidence of mortality as melanoma accounts for 75% of all deaths associated with skin cancer.