They had either pre-hypertension, or grade 1 or 2 hypertension according to 2013 ESH/ESC criteria [24] despite taking at least three antihypertensive agents (by and large a mixed combination of thiazide diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, or β-blockers). Here, ACE is linked to hypertensive disorder.