CXCL5 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In addition, many other cytokines and chemokines are increased in obesity including leptin, resistin, IL-7, IL-8, retinol binding protein- (RBP-) 4, plasminogen activator inhibitor- (PAI-) 1, chemokine- (C-X-C motif-) ligand 5 (CXCL5), visfatin, chemerin, and vaspin [75, 76].