For instance, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), mainly infecting infants and children like HFMD-associated pathogens, induced unique patterns of miRNA expression with specific upregulation of miR-30b in epithelial cells through the NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting a possible host defense against RSV by the miRNA response [31]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is hand, foot and mouth disease.