Lung cancer is a key example in targeted therapy approaches, since patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring activating mutations in the EGFR gene demonstrate a significant progression-free survival benefit when treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).63 However, the majority of patients that are initially responding will develop acquired resistance after 12–24 months of treatment. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and lung carcinoma.