In the chemokine pathway, as shown in Fig. 3, b, the commonly shared genes include the chemokines (e.g., CCL4, which had altered expression levels in asthma and ear infection) and MAP-kinases (e.g., MAP2K1, which had altered expression levels in ASD, dilated cardiomyopathy, ear infection, and muscular dystrophy). This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and ear infection.