MYOD1 and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: Analysis of myoblasts from FSHD patients has revealed direct functional impairments, including increased susceptibility to oxidative stress (Winokur et al., 2003a, 2003b; Celegato et al., 2006; Macaione et al., 2007; Barro et al., 2010), up-regulation of apoptotic markers (Winokur et al., 2003a, 2003b; Sandri et al., 2001; Vanderplanck et al., 2011; Laoudj-Chenivesse et al., 2005) and repression of MYOD and MYOD-target genes (Winokur et al., 2003b; Celegato et al., 2006).