Alternatively, TNF-α production by cells from Sham-control mice when cultured at 1000 pg/mL of sPD-1 rose significantly when compared to either the 0 pg sPD-1 treated cells or cells derived ARDS mice also treated with 1000 pg/mL (p = 0.033, Fig. 4b). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.