HGF and renal carcinoma: For example, in PC12 cells, RanBPM modulates BDNF-induced neuronal morphogenesis by regulating TrkB activation of MAPK and Akt [38], and, in human renal carcinoma cells, RanBPM enhances HGF-induced cell migration by interacting with Met and promoting GTP-Ras association and Erk phosphorylation [40].