TGFBR2 and colorectal carcinoma: Therefore, such in vivo studies have demonstrated that TGFBR2 inactivation acts synergistically with other aberrant signaling pathways that are often deregulated in CRC, such as the Wnt-β-catenin, RAS-RAF, and phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, to promote tumor development.