CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Recently, the blockade of the programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway, either with antibodies against the receptor PD-1 (Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, Pidilizumab) or its ligand PD-L1 (BMS-936559, MPDL3280A, MEDI4736, MSB001718C), has shown promising results in several advanced cancers, e.g. malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, head and neck cancer, and renal cell cancer [1–2].