For example, in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III, higher levels of serum carotenoids were associated with lower presence of apparent liver injury, as indicated by plasma concentrations of liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), suggesting a possible protective role of these compounds on NAFLD [21]. Here, GPT is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.