No iARs were detected in membrane preparations of colon cancer cells nor were involved in any part of the study by Gu et al. The study concluded that colonic tumour cells may over-express pro-apoptotic pathways in an mAR-dependent fashion leading to tumour regression and that mARs may present novel pathways for pharmacologic therapy in colorectal neoplasms [39]. This evidence concerns the gene IARS1 and neoplasm.