Increasing evidence suggests that diverse pathophysiological stimuli, including neurohumoral activation [such as angiotensin II (ANG II) and β-adrenoceptor stimulation], hypertension, ischemic heart diseases, myocarditis, and diabetic cardiomyopathy, will contribute to cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure partially via inducing the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS; Li et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2007b; Zhang et al., 2015). Here, AGT is linked to heart failure.