As long as the treatment mainstay of AD and related dementias consists of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and therapies that work by slowing the apparent progression of disease, early diagnosis and identification of those at high risk will remain critical (Chong and Sahadevan, 2005; Levey et al., 2006; Monsell et al., 2014). The gene discussed is ACHE; the disease is Alzheimer disease.