AKT1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Although p-Akt is a key factor involved in the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents including cisplatin [17, 41], doxorubicin [41], mitoxantrone [41], paclitaxel [41], etoposide [18], and 5-fluorouracil [41] in NSCLC, the effects of p-Akt on MMC resistance had not been reported before the current study.