Comparative results for PATHOME (P), DAVID (D), GSEA (G) and MinePath (MP) in terms of selected pathways with reference to nine gold standard cancer-related pathway categories (see text for more details); PI3K –phosphoinositide-3-kinase; RTK–protein-tyrosine kinase; RB–retinoblastoma; HIF1 –hypoxia inducible factor; APC–antigen-presenting cell; GLI–glioma-associated oncogene; ‘✔’ identified as significant. Here, APC is linked to cancer.