RNASEL and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In recent decades, obesity epidemic has led to increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.13 Obesity is not simply a state of excessive fat accumulation, but is also considered as a condition with chronic low-grade inflammation, coined as metainflammation.14, 15 Since RNase-L has a classical role in innate immunity and has adopted some new identities as regulators of other cellular functions, we are interested in whether it may modulate adipocyte functions.