Of note, ETA also reduced the moderate liver damage in the similarly challenged WT littermates, indicative of a general role for TNF-α in the establishment of the ConA-induced hepatitis model (Figure 4a,Supplementary Figure 4B), as previously reported.17, 29, 30 To further assess the in vivo role of RIPK1 in the TNF-α signaling pathway in hepatocytes, soluble mTNF-α was injected in WT and Ripk1LPC-KO littermates. Here, TNF is linked to hepatitis A virus infection.