These ligands induce cell death by engaging their respective receptors (TNFR, Fas and death receptors 4 and 5 (DR4, DR5)) present at the surface of hepatocytes.5 Receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a key protein regulating signaling downstream of these DRs, and is best characterized for its roles downstream of TNFR1.6 Clinical studies have underlined the crucial role of TNF-α in several liver diseases. The gene discussed is TNFRSF1A; the disease is liver disorder.