TNF and infection: Multiple cytokines in RDPs, including TNF-α, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, IL-1ra, IL-10, G-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17, reached peak value in 4 to 5 weeks after infection, whereas only IP-10 and IL-13 in SPDs did so, and lack of TNF-α in SDPs.